Lubricants, primarily lubricating oils, are mainly composed of a base oil and various additives.
Base Oil Composition
The base oil typically makes up the bulk of a lubricant, usually 80–90%. This base is predominantly a petroleum hydrocarbon distillate. These distillates are categorized into paraffinic or naphthenic compounds, each possessing unique properties impacting the lubricant's overall performance. [Further details on the properties of these compounds could be found in a referenced Table 1, which is not provided here.]
Additive Package
The remaining 10–20% consists of a carefully formulated blend of additives. These additives are crucial in enhancing specific properties and tailoring the lubricant for its intended application. Different additives provide different benefits, such as:
- Improved viscosity: Maintaining optimal lubrication across a range of temperatures.
- Enhanced oxidation resistance: Preventing the lubricant from degrading and becoming less effective over time.
- Corrosion protection: Shielding metal surfaces from damage.
- Anti-wear properties: Reducing friction and wear between moving parts.
- Pour point depressants: Allowing the lubricant to flow easily even at low temperatures.
The specific additive package depends heavily on the lubricant's intended use, whether it's for a car engine, industrial machinery, or specialized applications.
