Different lubrication types exist to reduce friction and wear between moving surfaces. These systems utilize various methods to deliver lubricant and are chosen based on application, load, speed, and environmental factors. Here's a breakdown of common lubrication types:
Oil Lubrication Systems
Oil lubrication systems employ oil as the primary lubricant and come in various forms:
- Wet Sump Lubrication System: This system stores oil in a sump (reservoir) at the bottom of the engine or machinery. A pump circulates the oil to lubricate various parts.
- Recirculating Oil System: This system continuously circulates oil from a reservoir to the lubrication points and back, often incorporating filtration and cooling to maintain oil quality.
Other Lubrication Methods
Besides oil systems, other significant lubrication methods include:
- Splash Lubrication System: This simple system relies on a component (like a crankshaft) splashing into an oil reservoir, distributing the oil to nearby parts.
- Air-Oil Lubrication System: This method uses compressed air to carry tiny droplets of oil to the lubrication point, providing minimal but effective lubrication, particularly in high-speed applications.
- Grease Lubrication System: Grease, a semi-solid lubricant, is applied to surfaces requiring less frequent lubrication. It's particularly effective in sealing out contaminants.
- Dual Line Lubrication Systems: These systems are designed for larger machines with multiple lubrication points, using two main lines to deliver lubricant under high pressure.
- MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) System & Near Dry Machining: MQL delivers extremely small quantities of lubricant directly to the cutting tool/workpiece interface. The goal is to significantly reduce lubricant consumption, approaching "near dry" conditions.
Summary Table of Lubrication Types
| Lubrication Type | Lubricant | Description | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wet Sump Oil | Oil | Oil stored in a sump and pumped to lubrication points. | Internal combustion engines, compressors. |
| Recirculating Oil | Oil | Oil continuously circulated, filtered, and cooled. | Gearboxes, turbines, high-performance machinery. |
| Splash Lubrication | Oil | Rotating parts splash into oil, distributing it. | Small engines, gearboxes. |
| Air-Oil Lubrication | Oil/Air | Oil droplets carried by compressed air. | High-speed spindles, chains. |
| Grease Lubrication | Grease | Semi-solid lubricant applied directly. | Bearings, joints, areas needing contaminant sealing. |
| Dual Line Lubrication | Oil/Grease | Two lines deliver lubricant under high pressure to multiple points. | Large machinery, heavy industrial equipment. |
| MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) | Oil | Extremely small amounts of oil delivered directly to the point of contact. | Machining, cutting operations. |
