The lung root is the collection of structures that connects the lung to the mediastinum (the central compartment of the chest containing the heart, major blood vessels, and other structures). It's essentially where the lung is anchored and receives its vital supplies.
Components of the Lung Root
The lung root is comprised of several key structures:
- Bronchus: The main airway that carries air to and from the lung.
- Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
- Pulmonary Veins: Return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
- Bronchial Arteries and Veins: Supply blood to the lung tissue itself.
- Pulmonary Plexuses of Nerves: Provide nerve supply for lung function and sensation.
- Lymphatic Vessels: Drain lymph fluid from the lungs, playing a role in the immune system.
- Bronchial Lymph Glands: Filter lymph fluid, contributing to immune defense.
- Areolar Tissue: Connective tissue that supports and binds the other structures together.
All these structures are encased in a layer of pleura, a thin, protective membrane. The root is located closer to the back (posterior border) than the front (anterior border) of the lung. The term "hilum" is often used interchangeably with "root" in this context, referring to the area on the lung's medial surface where these structures enter and exit.
Sources confirm that the lung root's components comprise the bronchus, pulmonary arteries and veins, bronchial arteries and veins, nerve plexuses, lymphatic vessels, lymph glands, and areolar tissue, all enveloped by the pleura. Multiple anatomical resources describe its position and function in connecting the lung to the mediastinum.
