Many gases can harm the lungs. Several examples include: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. Even seemingly innocuous gases like tear gas can cause significant respiratory issues.
Harmful Gases and Their Effects
- Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): NO2, and other nitrogen oxides (NOx), damage the respiratory system [EPA Basic Information about NO2]. Exposure can lead to increased airway inflammation, worsened cough and wheezing, and reduced lung function [American Lung Association - Nitrogen Dioxide]. NO2 forms nitric acid when it contacts moisture, further irritating the respiratory tract [CDC - Nitrogen Oxides].
- Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): SO2 irritates the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs [National Park Service - Sulfur Dioxide Effects on Health]. High concentrations cause inflammation and irritation.
- Ozone (O3): While beneficial in the upper atmosphere, ground-level ozone damages respiratory tract tissues, causing inflammation [California Air Resources Board - Health & Environmental Effects of Ozone; American Lung Association - Ozone]. It can make lungs more susceptible to infection and aggravate lung diseases like asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis [EPA - Health Effects of Ozone Pollution].
- Tear Gas: Listed as an example of a chemical or gas release harmful to health [Reference provided: Examples of chemical or gas releases that can harm your health include: Tear gas. Nitrogen Dioxide. Sulfur Dioxide. 18-Sept-2024]
- Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10): Inhalable particles, especially those 10 microns or less in diameter (PM10), can enter the lungs and cause adverse health effects [California Air Resources Board - Inhalable Particulate Matter and Health].
Long-Term Effects
Chronic exposure to these gases can significantly impact lung health, contributing to or worsening conditions like asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, and increasing the risk of respiratory infections.
