Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD) in lung transplant recipients is caused by a multitude of factors that can ultimately lead to irreversible damage and loss of lung function. Several predisposing factors have been identified.
These factors include:
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Acute Rejection: Episodes of acute rejection after lung transplantation significantly increase the risk of developing CLAD. The immune system attacks the transplanted lung, causing inflammation and damage that can lead to chronic dysfunction.
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Primary Graft Dysfunction (PGD): PGD, occurring shortly after transplantation, is a severe form of lung injury that impairs lung function. Its presence can predispose the allograft to develop CLAD.
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Respiratory Infections: Infections, both bacterial and viral, are common complications after lung transplantation. These infections can cause significant lung injury and inflammation, increasing the likelihood of CLAD development.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs can trigger inflammation and injury, contributing to the development of CLAD.
While these factors are known to increase the risk, the exact mechanisms by which they lead to CLAD are still being researched. Understanding these causes is crucial for developing strategies to prevent and manage CLAD in lung transplant recipients.
