The primary blood supply to the mandible bone is the inferior alveolar artery.
The inferior alveolar artery is a branch of the first part of the maxillary artery. It descends with the inferior alveolar nerve to the mandibular foramen on the medial aspect of the ramus of the mandible. It then runs forward in the mandibular canal, giving off branches to the roots of the mandibular teeth.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
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Inferior Alveolar Artery: This is the main source. It enters the mandible through the mandibular foramen.
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Branches of the Inferior Alveolar Artery: While traversing through the mandibular canal, the inferior alveolar artery gives off several branches:
- Dental Branches: These supply the mandibular teeth.
- Alveolar Branches: Supply the alveolar bone.
- Mental Artery: This is a terminal branch that exits the mandible via the mental foramen and supplies the chin and lower lip.
- Incisive Branch: This branch continues forward in the bone to supply the incisor teeth.
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Periosteal Vessels: The periosteum, the outer covering of the mandible, also receives blood supply from periosteal vessels.
In summary, while the inferior alveolar artery is the primary source of blood, its branches and supplementary periosteal vessels ensure comprehensive perfusion of the mandible, including the bone, teeth, and surrounding soft tissues like the gingiva, chin, and lower lip.
