LEGO uses primarily Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic to manufacture LEGO bricks. This high-quality plastic has been used since 1963 and is crucial for the bricks' unique connectivity ("clutch power"), glossy appearance, vibrant colors, and overall durability.
Why ABS Plastic?
ABS plastic is not chosen randomly; it offers several key benefits that make it ideal for LEGO construction:
- Clutch Power: ABS provides the precise friction needed for LEGO bricks to connect firmly and stay together, yet still be easy enough to pull apart. This "clutch power" is a fundamental aspect of the LEGO system.
- Durability: LEGO bricks are designed to withstand years of use and play. ABS plastic is a tough and impact-resistant material, ensuring that bricks can endure rough handling.
- Color and Gloss: ABS can be easily colored and retains its glossy finish, which contributes to the attractive appearance of LEGO sets. Consistent color is crucial for maintaining the visual appeal and brand identity of LEGO products.
- Safety: LEGO maintains strict safety standards for its products. ABS plastic is a non-toxic material that meets these rigorous safety requirements.
- Dimensional Stability: ABS plastic is dimensionally stable, meaning it doesn't shrink or warp significantly over time. This is essential for maintaining the consistent size and shape of LEGO bricks, ensuring they fit together perfectly.
Other Materials Used
While ABS plastic is the primary material, LEGO also uses other plastics and materials in smaller quantities for specific parts:
- Polycarbonate (PC): Used for transparent elements like windscreens and visors, providing clarity and impact resistance.
- Polyamide (PA): Used for elements requiring high strength and flexibility, such as gears and axles.
- Polyethylene (PE): Used for softer elements like plants and minifigure accessories, providing flexibility and a less rigid feel.
- Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU): Used for flexible parts with rubber-like properties.
The Future of LEGO Materials
LEGO is committed to sustainability and is actively exploring and implementing more sustainable materials. This includes research into bio-based plastics and recycled materials. The goal is to create LEGO bricks that are environmentally friendly without compromising the quality, safety, and durability that LEGO is known for.
In conclusion, while LEGO utilizes a variety of plastics, ABS plastic remains the cornerstone material for LEGO bricks due to its unique combination of properties that ensure high-quality, durable, and enjoyable building experiences.
