Marble dissolves when it comes into contact with acid.
To be precise, marble dissolves in acid. This process occurs because marble is primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a substance that reacts readily with acidic solutions. The reference provided highlights specific types of acids effective in this reaction.
The Role of Acids in Marble Dissolution
Acids break down the calcium carbonate structure of marble. The reaction releases specific byproducts, which is a visual indicator that the dissolution is occurring.
Based on the reference, two common and effective acids for dissolving marble are:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Nitric acid (HNO3)
These strong acids react with the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the marble.
The Chemical Reaction and Observable Effects
When these acids come into contact with marble (CaCO3), a chemical reaction takes place. The reference specifically notes that this reaction releases CO2 (carbon dioxide).
You can observe this process directly:
"You can see it bubbling through the acid as it runs down the stone."
This bubbling is the visual evidence of the CO2 gas being produced and escaping from the reaction site on the marble's surface.
Reaction Overview
| Reactant (Acid) | Reactant (Marble) | Resulting Products | Observable Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) | Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) | Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) | Bubbling (CO2 gas) |
| Nitric Acid (HNO3) | Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) | Calcium Nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) | Bubbling (CO2 gas) |
This reaction is why marble structures are susceptible to acid rain, which is acidic due to pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides reacting with water in the atmosphere.
In summary, dissolving marble is achieved by applying acid, such as hydrochloric or nitric acid, which reacts with the stone's calcium carbonate, causing it to break down and release carbon dioxide gas.
