Proper breathing mask usage depends on the type of mask. This guide covers various scenarios.
Using an N95 Respirator
N95 respirators require a proper seal for effectiveness. The CDC emphasizes this point: “Your N95 respirator must form a seal to your face to work properly. Your breath must pass through the N95 respirator and not around its edges." To ensure a proper fit:
- Place fingertips: Place the fingertips from both hands at the top of the nose piece.
- Mold to your face: Press down on both sides of the nose piece to mold it to the shape of your nose. This creates the crucial seal.
Improper fit allows particles to bypass the filter, negating its protection. As noted by the CDC's NIOSH, “Using masks that are tighter to your face forces particle through the filter material. If gaps exist between your face and the respirator or mask, some small…” particles will get through.
Using Cloth or Surgical Masks
Cloth or surgical masks are less stringent in their fit requirements than N95 respirators. However, proper usage remains essential. The guidance provided by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) recommends wearing a mask around others, particularly if you have respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, the CDC highlights the protective value of masks in reducing virus transmission, stating that "Wearing a mask can help lower the risk of respiratory virus transmission. When worn by a person with an infection, masks reduce the spread of the virus to…" others.
To use these masks effectively:
- Clean hands: Always wash or sanitize your hands before putting on and after taking off a mask (WHO guidance).
- Proper placement: Cover your nose and mouth completely.
- Secure fit: Ensure there are no significant gaps between your face and the mask.
Using Masks During Wildfires
Specific considerations exist when using masks during wildfires. The Washington State Department of Health cautions that “Using respirator masks can make it harder to breathe. Anyone with lung or heart disease should check with their health care provider before using any mask.” Consult your doctor before using any mask if you have pre-existing respiratory or heart conditions.
Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) Ventilation
This type of mask is used in medical emergencies for assisted breathing. Proper use requires training. The Merck Manual highlights the importance of a proper seal: "use waveform capnography, an excellent indicator of mask seal and proper ventilation. If oxygenation is inadequate despite proper form and use of 100% oxygen…” additional steps may be necessary. Do not attempt BVM ventilation without proper training.
