Vertical masonry refers to masonry construction that extends primarily in an upward direction. It's the most common form of masonry work and encompasses a wide range of structures. In essence, any masonry element that rises vertically (or close to it) falls under this definition.
Here's a breakdown:
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Definition: Masonry construction where the primary orientation is upwards. This includes walls, columns, piers, and similar structural elements.
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Purpose: The purpose of vertical masonry is multifaceted. It provides:
- Structural Support: Bearing walls carry the weight of roofs, floors, and other walls. Columns and piers provide concentrated support.
- Enclosure: Walls create enclosed spaces, defining rooms and buildings.
- Aesthetics: Masonry offers a variety of textures, colors, and patterns for visual appeal.
- Durability: Masonry is a long-lasting material, resistant to fire, pests, and weathering.
- Insulation: Masonry can provide thermal mass and insulation properties, contributing to energy efficiency.
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Examples: Common examples of vertical masonry include:
- Walls: Exterior and interior walls of houses, commercial buildings, and retaining walls.
- Columns: Structural supports in buildings, bridges, and other structures.
- Piers: Supports for decks, porches, and other elevated structures.
- Chimneys: Vertical masonry structures that vent combustion gases.
- Fireplaces: Masonry enclosures for fireboxes and chimneys.
- Fences: Masonry fences and walls provide property boundaries and security.
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Materials: Vertical masonry can be constructed from various materials, including:
- Brick: A common and versatile masonry unit.
- Concrete Block (CMU): Strong and cost-effective for walls.
- Stone: Natural stone offers durability and aesthetic appeal.
- Tile: Decorative and functional for walls and other surfaces.
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Relationship to Foundations: Vertical masonry walls frequently sit atop masonry foundations. As stated in the provided reference, foundations, even if built of masonry, are generally below-grade structures that support any building or project and transfer the loads to the ground. These foundations are often considered horizontal masonry, at least in their base. Vertical masonry, in contrast, rises above the foundation to form the walls and other features of the building.
In summary, vertical masonry encompasses the visible, upright elements of masonry construction that provide structural support, enclosure, and aesthetic value to buildings and other structures.
