A beam balance can determine the mass of two different objects by comparing them to known standard weights.
Understanding Beam Balance and Mass Measurement
A beam balance is a simple yet effective tool used for measuring mass. It works on the principle of comparing an unknown mass with a known mass.
How a Beam Balance Works
A beam balance consists of a horizontal beam supported at its center by a fulcrum. Two pans are suspended from either end of the beam at equal distances from the fulcrum.
Steps to Determine the Mass of Two Different Objects
- Zeroing the Balance: Ensure the beam is horizontal when both pans are empty. Adjust if necessary.
- Placing the First Object: Place one of the objects on the left pan.
- Balancing with Standard Weights: Add known standard weights to the right pan until the beam is horizontal again.
- Recording the Mass: The total of the standard weights on the right pan equals the mass of the object on the left pan. This is because, in a balanced state, the gravitational mass of the body in the left pan equals the gravitational mass in the right pan.
- Repeating for the Second Object: Remove the first object and standard weights. Place the second object on the left pan.
- Balancing and Recording: Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the second object.
Example
| Object | Standard Weights (g) | Total Mass (g) |
|---|---|---|
| Object 1 | 50 + 20 + 5 | 75 |
| Object 2 | 100 + 50 + 10 | 160 |
In this example, Object 1 has a mass of 75 grams, and Object 2 has a mass of 160 grams.
Key Considerations
- Accuracy: Ensure the beam balance is calibrated correctly for accurate measurements.
- Precision: Use appropriate standard weights that match the expected mass range of the objects.
- Environment: Conduct measurements in a stable environment, free from vibrations or air currents that could affect the balance.
Practical Insights
- Comparing Masses: You can directly compare the masses of two objects by placing one in each pan. The heavier object will cause its side of the beam to lower.
- Incremental Measurement: For very heavy objects, measure the mass in increments by using a combination of smaller standard weights.
