Pure gold is very soft.
Gold's softness is a notable characteristic stemming from its atomic structure. Unlike metals with strong interatomic bonds, gold atoms slide past each other with relative ease. This inherent pliability makes gold highly malleable, meaning it can be hammered or pressed into thin sheets without breaking.
Malleability and Applications
The extreme malleability of gold is evident in the fact that just one gram can be beaten into a sheet covering almost a square meter. This property makes gold ideal for:
- Gilding: Applying a thin layer of gold to surfaces for decoration.
- Jewelry: While often alloyed with other metals to increase durability, pure gold's softness allows for intricate designs.
- Electronics: Gold's excellent conductivity and resistance to corrosion make it useful in electronic components, where even thin coatings provide reliable connections.
Comparison to Other Metals
Compared to other metals like iron or titanium, pure gold is significantly softer. This softness is why gold used in jewelry is typically alloyed with other metals like silver, copper, or nickel to increase its hardness and durability. The addition of these metals alters the atomic structure, making it more resistant to deformation.
