Short division is a method for dividing numbers, particularly when dividing by a single-digit number. It breaks down the division process into manageable steps, focusing on dividing each digit of the dividend by the divisor. The method uses the concept of remainders which are carried over to the next digit.
Understanding the Process
The key to short division is working through each digit of the number you're dividing (the dividend) from left to right. Here's a step-by-step breakdown:
- Set Up: Write the dividend inside the division symbol (a "bus stop" bracket) and the divisor outside to the left.
- Divide: Start with the leftmost digit of the dividend. See how many times the divisor goes into that digit. Write the result above the digit. This is the quotient.
- Remainder: If there's a remainder, write it (mentally or as a small number) next to the next digit of the dividend.
- Repeat: Continue the process, using the remainder and the next digit as a new number to be divided.
- Final Quotient: The numbers above the division bracket will form your final quotient. Any remainder at the end will be your remaining value.
Example: 650 ÷ 3
According to the reference How to Use Short Division Method #mathsrevision - YouTube, here's how we would solve 650 ÷ 3 using short division:
| Steps | Calculation | Result | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1: | 6 ÷ 3 | 2 | Write 2 above 6. This means that 3 goes into 6 exactly 2 times. |
| Step 2: | 5 ÷ 3 | 1 remainder 2 | Write 1 above the 5. 3 goes into 5 one time, and you have a remainder of 2. |
| Step 3: | 2 (remainder) + 0 | 20 ÷ 3 | Write the remainder 2 next to 0. So 20 divided by 3 is 6, with a remainder of 2 |
| Step 4: | 20 ÷ 3 | 6 remainder 2 | Write 6 above the 0. 3 goes into 20 6 times with a remainder of 2 |
Therefore, 650 ÷ 3 = 216 remainder 2
Key Points
- As demonstrated by the reference, short division divides each digit from left to right.
- Remainders are crucial and are carried over and combined with the following digit to continue the division.
Practical Applications
Short division is a fundamental skill used in many aspects of math and everyday life, including:
- Dividing large numbers: Making it easier to divide a long number by a single-digit number.
- Fractions: Understanding how to find parts of a whole.
- Measurement: Dividing quantities into smaller, equal portions.
- Real-life situations: Sharing items fairly amongst a group, calculating unit costs, etc.
Short division provides a clear, structured approach to dividing numbers that can be learned and applied with practice.
