Long division is a method of dividing large numbers into smaller, more manageable parts, breaking down a division problem into a sequence of easier steps. Here's a breakdown of the process:
Steps in Long Division:
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Set up the problem: Write the dividend (the number being divided) inside the division symbol and the divisor (the number you are dividing by) outside.
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Divide: Look at the first digit (or digits) of the dividend. Determine how many times the divisor goes into that part of the dividend. Write this number (the quotient) above the division symbol, aligned with the digit you were working with.
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Multiply: Multiply the quotient you just wrote by the divisor.
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Subtract: Write the product from the multiplication step below the corresponding digits of the dividend and subtract.
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Bring down: Bring down the next digit of the dividend and write it next to the remainder from the subtraction.
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Repeat: Repeat steps 2-5 with the new number you formed until all digits of the dividend have been used.
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Remainder (if any): If, after bringing down all digits, you have a remainder (a number smaller than the divisor), write it as the remainder of the problem.
Example:
Let's divide 789 by 3:
| 2 | 6 | 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 6 | |||
| -- | |||
| 1 | 8 | ||
| 1 | 8 | ||
| -- | |||
| 0 | 9 | ||
| 9 | |||
| -- | |||
| 0 |
- Step 1: 3 goes into 7 two times (2 x 3 = 6). Write "2" above the 7.
- Step 2: Subtract 6 from 7, leaving 1.
- Step 3: Bring down the 8, making the new number 18.
- Step 4: 3 goes into 18 six times (6 x 3 = 18). Write "6" next to the 2 above the division symbol.
- Step 5: Subtract 18 from 18, leaving 0.
- Step 6: Bring down the 9, making the new number 9.
- Step 7: 3 goes into 9 three times (3 x 3 = 9). Write "3" next to the 6 above the division symbol.
- Step 8: Subtract 9 from 9, leaving 0.
Therefore, 789 / 3 = 263
Tips for Success:
- Practice: Like any math skill, long division takes practice.
- Neatness: Keep your work organized and aligned. This helps prevent errors.
- Multiplication Facts: Knowing your multiplication tables well makes the process faster.
- Check your work: Multiply the quotient by the divisor and add the remainder (if any). The result should equal the dividend.
Long division is a foundational skill that, while seemingly complex, becomes easier with understanding and practice.
