The full form of SDB is Sleep Disordered Breathing.
Sleep Disordered Breathing Explained
Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) is a broad term that encompasses a range of conditions characterized by abnormal respiratory patterns during sleep. These patterns often involve interruptions or reductions in airflow, leading to various health complications.
Key Characteristics of SDB:
- Abnormal Respiratory Patterns: This includes apneas (complete cessation of breathing) and hypopneas (shallow or reduced breathing).
- Disrupted Sleep: The breathing disturbances often lead to fragmented sleep and daytime sleepiness.
- Potential Health Risks: Untreated SDB can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes, and other health problems.
Common Types of SDB:
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): The most common type, where the upper airway collapses during sleep, blocking airflow.
- Central Sleep Apnea (CSA): Less common, where the brain fails to signal the respiratory muscles to breathe.
- Mixed Sleep Apnea: A combination of both obstructive and central sleep apnea.
Diagnosis and Treatment:
Diagnosis typically involves a sleep study (polysomnography) to monitor breathing patterns and other physiological parameters during sleep. Treatment options vary depending on the severity and type of SDB and may include:
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): The most common treatment for OSA, involving wearing a mask that delivers pressurized air to keep the airway open.
- Oral Appliances: Devices that reposition the jaw or tongue to improve airflow.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct anatomical abnormalities contributing to SDB.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Weight loss, avoiding alcohol and sedatives before bed, and sleeping on your side can also help manage SDB.
