Sinusitis is essentially inflammation of the lining of your sinuses. These sinuses are air-filled cavities in the bones of your face that connect to your nasal passages.
Understanding Sinusitis
When the sinuses become inflamed, typically due to a viral, bacterial, or fungal infection, or even allergies, the normal flow of mucus is disrupted. This blockage can lead to a buildup of pressure and mucus in the sinuses, causing pain and discomfort.
Causes and Symptoms
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Causes:
- Viral infections (like the common cold)
- Bacterial infections
- Fungal infections
- Allergies
- Nasal polyps
- Deviated septum
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Symptoms:
- Facial pain or pressure, especially around the nose, eyes, and forehead
- Nasal congestion
- Thick, discolored nasal discharge (yellow or green)
- Postnasal drip
- Headache
- Cough
- Fatigue
- Bad breath
- Reduced sense of smell
Types of Sinusitis
Sinusitis can be classified based on its duration:
- Acute Sinusitis: Typically lasts for up to 4 weeks and often follows a cold. Most cases are viral and resolve on their own.
- Subacute Sinusitis: Lasts between 4 and 12 weeks.
- Chronic Sinusitis: Lasts for 12 weeks or longer.
- Recurrent Sinusitis: Several episodes of sinusitis within a year.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the sinusitis.
- Viral Sinusitis: Often resolves on its own with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter remedies like decongestants and pain relievers.
- Bacterial Sinusitis: Usually requires antibiotics prescribed by a doctor.
- Allergic Sinusitis: Managing allergies with antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, and allergen avoidance is key.
- Chronic Sinusitis: May require a combination of medications, including nasal corticosteroids, saline nasal irrigation, and sometimes surgery to improve sinus drainage.
In short, sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses, usually resulting from infection or allergies, leading to pain, congestion, and mucus buildup.
