Bleeding from the rectum can be caused by a variety of conditions, ranging from relatively minor issues to more serious underlying diseases. The blood may appear on the toilet paper, in the stool, or in the toilet bowl itself.
Common Causes of Rectal Bleeding
Here are some of the most frequent causes:
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Hemorrhoids: These are swollen veins in the anus and rectum that can bleed, especially during bowel movements. They are a very common cause of rectal bleeding.
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Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus. They often occur due to straining during bowel movements or from hard stools. Anal fissures can be quite painful and bleed.
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Constipation: Straining during bowel movements due to constipation can irritate the rectum and anus, leading to bleeding.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract, which can lead to rectal bleeding.
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Infections: Certain infections in the rectum or anus can cause inflammation and bleeding.
Less Common, but More Serious, Causes
While less common, it's important to be aware of these potential causes:
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Colorectal Cancer: This is a serious condition in which cancerous cells develop in the colon or rectum. Rectal bleeding is a potential symptom, although often subtle in the early stages.
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Polyps: These are abnormal growths in the colon or rectum that can bleed. Some types of polyps can become cancerous.
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Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis: Diverticulosis is the presence of small pouches (diverticula) in the colon wall. Diverticulitis occurs when these pouches become inflamed or infected, which can lead to bleeding.
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Angiodysplasia: This condition involves abnormal blood vessels in the digestive tract that can bleed.
When to See a Doctor
While some causes of rectal bleeding are minor and self-limiting, it's important to see a doctor if you experience:
- Significant or persistent rectal bleeding
- Blood clots in your stool
- Abdominal pain
- Changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhea or constipation)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Weakness or fatigue
These symptoms could indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires medical attention. A doctor can perform a physical exam and order tests, such as a colonoscopy, to determine the cause of the bleeding and recommend appropriate treatment.
