Jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by a buildup of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment that's a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells. The liver normally processes bilirubin and removes it from the body. However, when the liver is damaged or unable to function properly, bilirubin can accumulate in the bloodstream, leading to jaundice.
Common causes of jaundice include:
- Liver disease: This is the most common cause of jaundice in adults. Damage to the liver cells can prevent them from properly processing bilirubin.
- Gallstones: Gallstones can block the bile duct, preventing bile from flowing into the intestines and causing bilirubin to build up in the blood.
- Pancreatic cancer: Cancer of the pancreas can also block the bile duct, leading to jaundice.
- Infections: Viral infections like hepatitis can damage the liver and cause jaundice.
- Blood disorders: Certain blood disorders can lead to increased red blood cell breakdown, resulting in higher bilirubin levels.
- Genetic disorders: Some genetic disorders can affect the liver's ability to process bilirubin.
- Certain medications: Some medications can cause liver damage or block the bile duct, leading to jaundice.
- Newborn babies: Jaundice is very common in newborn babies due to their immature liver function and high red blood cell turnover.
Jaundice in adults can be a sign of a serious underlying condition, so it's important to see a doctor if you experience any yellowing of your skin or eyes.
