What Diseases Cause Calcification?

Calcification, the abnormal buildup of calcium in body tissues, can be triggered by several diseases and conditions. These can broadly be categorized as issues related to calcium metabolism, inflammation, genetics, or infections.

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

• Calcium Metabolism Disorders: These diseases disrupt the body's normal calcium balance, often leading to hypercalcemia (high levels of calcium in the blood). This excess calcium can then deposit in tissues.

  • Examples include:
    • Hyperparathyroidism: Overactivity of the parathyroid glands leads to increased calcium release into the bloodstream.
    • Vitamin D toxicity: Excessive vitamin D intake can increase calcium absorption, raising blood calcium levels.
    • Milk-alkali syndrome: High calcium intake combined with antacids can lead to hypercalcemia and calcification.

• Inflammatory Conditions: Chronic inflammation can create an environment conducive to calcium deposition in affected tissues.

  • Examples include:
    • Atherosclerosis: Inflammation in artery walls contributes to plaque formation, including calcification.
    • Arthritis: Inflammation in joints can lead to calcification of cartilage and surrounding tissues.
    • Chronic pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can cause calcification within the pancreas.

• Genetic and Autoimmune Disorders: Some genetic and autoimmune conditions affect connective tissues and the skeletal system, predisposing individuals to calcification.

  • Examples include:
    • Systemic sclerosis (Scleroderma): This autoimmune disease can cause calcification in the skin and internal organs.
    • Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: A genetic disorder affecting elastic fibers, leading to calcification in the skin, eyes, and blood vessels.

• Infections: Certain infections can trigger calcification in affected tissues.

  • Examples include:
    • Tuberculosis: Calcification can occur in lung lesions caused by tuberculosis.
    • Some parasitic infections: Certain parasitic infections can lead to calcified cysts in various organs.

• Other Factors:

  • Tumors: Certain tumors can secrete substances that promote calcification.
  • Kidney disease: Chronic kidney disease can disrupt calcium and phosphate balance, leading to calcification in various tissues.

In summary, a wide range of diseases, spanning metabolic, inflammatory, genetic, and infectious etiologies, can lead to calcification in the body. Proper diagnosis and management of these underlying conditions are crucial to prevent or slow down the progression of calcification.