An IV catheter, also known as an intravenous catheter or peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC), is a thin, flexible tube inserted into a vein to deliver fluids, medications, blood products, or nutrition directly into the bloodstream. It's a common medical device used in various healthcare settings.
How it Works
The process typically involves inserting a needle into a vein, usually located in the back of the hand, lower arm, or foot. Once the vein is accessed, a thin, flexible catheter is threaded through the needle into the vein. The needle is then removed, leaving the catheter in place. This allows for the continuous administration of fluids or medications without repeated needle sticks.
Uses of IV Catheters
IV catheters are used for a wide range of medical purposes, including:
- Administering fluids: Replacing lost fluids due to dehydration, illness, or surgery.
- Delivering medications: Providing quick and efficient drug delivery, especially for medications that need to be administered frequently or continuously.
- Giving blood transfusions: Administering blood or blood products when needed.
- Providing nutrition: Supplying nutrients directly into the bloodstream when oral intake is impossible or insufficient.
- Drawing blood samples: Obtaining blood samples for various laboratory tests.
Types of IV Catheters
While the basic principle remains the same, different types of IV catheters exist, varying in size, material, and intended use. Some catheters are designed for short-term use, while others are intended for longer-term access. Examples include peripheral venous catheters and central venous catheters (for longer-term use and access to larger veins).
Safety Considerations
As with any medical procedure, IV catheter insertion carries potential risks, including infection, bleeding, and irritation at the insertion site. Proper insertion technique and sterile procedures are crucial to minimize these risks. Healthcare professionals are trained to manage and monitor IV catheters to ensure patient safety.
References support the above description by consistently highlighting the use of IV catheters for administering fluids and medications, drawing blood, and their flexible, thin-tube nature inserted into a vein. Sources like the National Cancer Institute (NCI) https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/peripheral-venous-catheter and the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/peripheral_intravenous_iv_device_management/ clearly define and describe the function and use of IV catheters.
