Pacemakers can be historically associated with alternating current (AC), but modern pacemakers primarily use direct current (DC) from batteries.
Historical Context: AC Pacemakers
Early pacemakers, developed as external devices, utilized alternating current (AC) for pacing. These were bulky and required an external power source.
Modern Pacemakers: DC Power
Modern pacemakers are implantable and battery-powered. Batteries provide direct current (DC), which is then used to deliver precisely controlled electrical impulses to the heart. The transition to battery-powered devices allowed for miniaturization and improved patient mobility.
Why DC is Preferred in Modern Pacemakers:
- Efficiency: DC is more energy-efficient for battery-powered devices.
- Control: DC allows for precise control of pulse amplitude and duration.
- Safety: DC is considered safer as it minimizes the risk of electrical interference and fibrillation compared to older AC devices.
- Miniaturization: DC components can be smaller, leading to smaller, implantable pacemakers.
In summary, while early pacemakers utilized AC, modern pacemakers rely on DC power for safe, efficient, and precise cardiac pacing.
