Pacemakers are primarily powered by batteries. These batteries provide the energy needed for the device to generate electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm.
Modern pacemakers rely on lithium-iodide batteries due to their long lifespan and high energy density. These batteries are hermetically sealed within the pacemaker to protect them from bodily fluids and ensure reliable operation.
Here's a breakdown of how pacemakers are powered:
- Battery Type: Typically lithium-iodide batteries.
- Function: These batteries supply the electrical energy needed to generate the precisely timed electrical impulses.
- Impulse Delivery: The pacemaker sends these impulses to the heart muscle, prompting it to contract and maintain a regular heartbeat.
- Longevity: Pacemaker batteries are designed to last several years, often between 5 and 15 years, depending on usage and the specific device. Regular check-ups allow doctors to monitor the battery's remaining life and plan for replacement when necessary.
- Battery Replacement: When the battery nears the end of its life, a relatively simple procedure is performed to replace the entire pacemaker generator (the part containing the battery and electronics). The leads that connect to the heart usually remain in place.
- Emerging Technologies: While batteries are the standard, research is ongoing into alternative power sources for pacemakers, such as energy harvesting from the body's own movements or temperature gradients. However, these technologies are not yet widely available.
In summary, pacemakers depend on long-lasting batteries to deliver the electrical stimulation necessary for proper heart function. Regular monitoring ensures timely battery replacement and continued cardiac support.
