Oxygen tanks work by storing oxygen, either in gaseous or liquid form, under high pressure within a robust metal cylinder, and then regulating its release for therapeutic use. Here's a breakdown:
1. Storage:
- Compression: Oxygen is compressed into the tank at extremely high pressures (typically around 2,200 psi). This allows a large volume of oxygen to be stored in a relatively small space.
- Gaseous vs. Liquid: Oxygen can be stored as a gas or a liquid. Liquid oxygen takes up significantly less space, allowing for even more oxygen to be stored. Liquid oxygen systems involve cryogenic (very low temperature) storage.
2. Pressure Regulation:
- Regulator: A regulator is attached to the tank valve. This device is crucial because it reduces the high pressure inside the tank to a safe and usable pressure (typically around 40-60 psi) for delivery to the patient.
- Flow Meter: After the regulator, a flow meter is often used. This allows healthcare professionals to precisely control the flow rate of oxygen, measured in liters per minute (LPM), according to the patient's needs.
3. Delivery:
- Cannula or Mask: The regulated oxygen then flows through tubing to a nasal cannula (prongs that fit in the nostrils) or a face mask. These devices deliver the oxygen directly to the patient for inhalation.
In Summary: Oxygen tanks are robust storage vessels containing compressed oxygen. A regulator reduces the high pressure to a safe level, and a flow meter controls the delivery rate. Finally, a cannula or mask delivers the oxygen to the patient. They are a crucial component of oxygen therapy for individuals with respiratory conditions.
