An oximeter primarily consists of an electronic processor, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and a photodiode.
Here's a breakdown of the key components:
- Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs):
- A pair of small LEDs that emit light.
- One LED emits red light with a wavelength of approximately 660 nm.
- The other LED emits infrared light with a wavelength of approximately 940 nm.
- Photodiode:
- A light sensor that detects the amount of red and infrared light that passes through the patient's tissue (typically a finger or earlobe).
- The photodiode measures the intensity of light received after absorption by blood and tissues.
- Electronic Processor:
- Analyzes the data received from the photodiode.
- Calculates the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood (SpO2) based on the differential absorption of red and infrared light by oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin.
- Displays the SpO2 value and often the pulse rate on a screen.
- Display Screen:
- Shows the calculated SpO2 value and pulse rate.
- Housing and Clip/Probe:
- Provides structural support and protection for the internal components.
- Includes a clip or probe designed to comfortably and securely attach to the patient's finger, earlobe, or toe.
- Power Source:
- Typically batteries (disposable or rechargeable) that provide the necessary power for the device to operate.
In summary, an oximeter uses LEDs to shine red and infrared light through a part of the body, a photodiode to measure the light that passes through, and an electronic processor to calculate and display the oxygen saturation level.
