A cannula, derived from the Latin word for "little reed," is a tube inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel, typically to deliver or remove fluid. It can also provide access for various medical procedures.
Here's a breakdown:
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Purpose: The primary functions of a cannula include:
- Fluid delivery: Examples include administering intravenous (IV) fluids, medications, or oxygen.
- Fluid removal: Used for draining abscesses, removing blood, or performing biopsies.
- Access for medical procedures: Serving as a conduit for instruments during minimally invasive surgeries.
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Types of Cannulas: Several types exist, each designed for specific applications:
- Nasal Cannula: Used to deliver supplemental oxygen. It features two prongs that fit into the nostrils.
- IV Cannula: Inserted into a vein to administer fluids or medications directly into the bloodstream.
- Tracheostomy Cannula: Placed in the trachea (windpipe) to provide an airway.
- Arterial Cannula: Inserted into an artery, often used for blood gas monitoring or during cardiopulmonary bypass.
- Venous Cannula: Used in veins for drainage or bypass.
- Angiocath (Angiocatheter) Cannula: A common type of IV catheter.
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Example: Nasal Cannula:
Feature Description Purpose Delivers supplemental oxygen. Design Two prongs that fit into the nostrils, connected to tubing. Application Patients needing low-flow oxygen supplementation. -
Materials: Cannulas are typically made of plastic or silicone, materials that are biocompatible and flexible.
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Insertion: Insertion is a medical procedure typically performed by trained healthcare professionals. Proper technique and sterile conditions are crucial to minimize the risk of complications.
In summary, a cannula is a versatile medical device used to access body cavities and vessels for various purposes, including fluid delivery, fluid removal, and facilitating medical procedures. Different types of cannulas are designed for specific applications.
