The procedure for removing extra fluid from around the lungs is called thoracentesis.
Understanding Thoracentesis
Normally, the lungs fill the chest cavity. However, fluid can accumulate in the pleural space, the area between the outside of the lungs and the inside of the chest wall. While this space usually contains a small amount of lubricating fluid, excessive fluid buildup requires removal.
The Thoracentesis Procedure
Thoracentesis involves using a needle to drain this excess fluid. Here's a simplified overview:
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Preparation: The patient is positioned comfortably, often sitting up and leaning forward. The area on the back where the needle will be inserted is cleaned and numbed with a local anesthetic.
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Needle Insertion: A needle is carefully inserted through the chest wall into the pleural space. Ultrasound may be used to guide the needle and ensure accurate placement.
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Fluid Drainage: Once the needle is in the correct position, fluid is drawn out of the pleural space into a collection container.
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Post-Procedure Monitoring: After the fluid is removed, the needle is withdrawn, and a bandage is applied to the insertion site. The patient is monitored for any complications, such as bleeding or pneumothorax (air leaking into the pleural space).
Why is Thoracentesis Performed?
Thoracentesis is performed for two main reasons:
- Diagnostic: To analyze the fluid and determine the cause of the fluid buildup.
- Therapeutic: To relieve symptoms, such as shortness of breath, caused by the fluid pressing on the lungs.
Potential Risks
While generally safe, thoracentesis carries potential risks, including:
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Pneumothorax
- Pain
