A tracheostomy's primary purpose is to help air and oxygen reach the lungs when normal breathing is compromised. It achieves this by creating an opening directly into the trachea (windpipe) from the outside of the neck.
Understanding Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy involves creating a surgical opening, called a stoma, in the neck through which a tube is inserted into the trachea. This bypasses the usual breathing pathway through the nose and mouth, providing an alternative route for air to reach the lungs.
Reasons for a Tracheostomy
There are several reasons why a person might need a tracheostomy:
- Airway Obstruction: When the upper airway is blocked by swelling, a tumor, or injury, a tracheostomy can establish a clear path for breathing.
- Mechanical Ventilation: People who need long-term support from a ventilator often require a tracheostomy for easier and more comfortable ventilation.
- Difficulty Clearing Secretions: Patients who have trouble coughing up mucus or saliva may benefit from a tracheostomy, which allows for easier suctioning.
How a Tracheostomy Works
The tracheostomy tube is inserted into the opening and acts as a direct passage for air. The person breathes through this tube instead of through their nose or mouth.
- Bypassing Obstructions: Air goes directly into the trachea, bypassing any blockages in the upper airway.
- Ventilation Support: The tube connects to a ventilator when respiratory support is needed, allowing for controlled breathing.
- Improved Secretion Management: Direct access to the trachea facilitates the removal of secretions.
Key Takeaway
In essence, a tracheostomy is a procedure to create an alternative airway to ensure that air and oxygen reach the lungs when normal breathing is impossible or difficult, according to the provided reference. A tracheostomy tube is then placed into the opening.
