Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) is a minimally invasive procedure used to repair aneurysms and dissections in the abdominal aorta, offering a less invasive alternative to open surgery.
Understanding EVAR
EVAR involves inserting a stent graft (a fabric tube supported by a metal mesh) through a small incision in the groin and guiding it to the site of the aneurysm or dissection in the aorta. The stent graft reinforces the weakened section of the aorta, preventing it from rupturing.
Key Uses of EVAR:
- Aortic Aneurysm Repair: This is the primary use of EVAR. An aortic aneurysm is a bulge in the aorta's wall, which can rupture and lead to life-threatening bleeding. EVAR reinforces the weakened section of the aorta, reducing the risk of rupture.
- Aortic Dissection Repair: Aortic dissection occurs when a tear develops in the inner layer of the aorta, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall. EVAR can be used to seal off the tear and prevent further dissection.
- Minimally Invasive Alternative: EVAR is often preferred over open surgery because it requires smaller incisions, results in less blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and a quicker recovery time for the patient.
Advantages of EVAR:
- Smaller Incisions: Reduced trauma and faster healing.
- Shorter Hospital Stay: Patients typically spend less time in the hospital compared to open surgery.
- Faster Recovery: Quicker return to normal activities.
- Reduced Blood Loss: Less blood loss during the procedure.
- Lower Risk of Complications: In some cases, EVAR may carry a lower risk of complications compared to open surgery, especially for high-risk patients.
Considerations for EVAR:
While EVAR offers many advantages, it is not suitable for all patients with aortic aneurysms or dissections. Factors such as the size and location of the aneurysm or dissection, the patient's overall health, and the anatomy of their blood vessels are all considered when determining if EVAR is the appropriate treatment option. Long-term follow-up is also required to monitor the stent graft's performance and identify any potential complications.
