Stool samples are shipped using a multi-layered containment system to ensure safety and prevent leakage or contamination. Here's a breakdown of the process:
Primary Container
The stool sample is first placed in a securely closed, watertight primary container, such as a tube or vial. This container must be robust enough to withstand normal handling during shipping. It should be clearly labeled with patient information, date, and time of collection.
Secondary Container
The primary container is then placed inside a durable, watertight secondary container. This acts as an additional barrier in case the primary container leaks. The secondary container often contains absorbent material to soak up any potential spills.
Outer Packaging
Finally, the secondary container is placed inside a rigid outer packaging, such as a cardboard box or a sturdy plastic container. This provides further protection during transit. The outer packaging must be clearly labeled with the following:
- "Biological Substance, Category B" or "Exempt Human Specimen," depending on the type of sample and applicable regulations.
- The sender's and recipient's contact information.
- Any necessary hazard labels or symbols.
- "Keep at [temperature range]" if temperature control is required (e.g., refrigerated or frozen).
- UN number (UN 3373) in the case of biological substances, Category B
Temperature Control (If Required)
If the stool sample requires specific temperature control, appropriate measures must be taken. This may involve:
- Refrigerated: Using ice packs or gel packs to maintain a cool temperature.
- Frozen: Using dry ice to keep the sample frozen. Note: Dry ice is considered a hazardous material and requires special packaging and labeling.
Documentation
Proper documentation is crucial for shipping stool samples. This includes:
- A completed test request form with all necessary patient information and requested tests.
- A packing list detailing the contents of the shipment.
- Any required permits or import/export licenses, especially for international shipments.
- A shipping manifest, if required by the courier.
Example Packaging Table:
| Component | Description | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Container | Watertight tube or vial | Holds the stool sample |
| Absorbent Material | Placed inside the secondary container (e.g., paper towels, absorbent pad) | Absorbs any leakage from the primary container |
| Secondary Container | Durable, watertight container | Provides a second layer of protection |
| Outer Packaging | Rigid box or container | Protects the secondary container from damage during transit |
| Labeling | Clear and accurate labeling on all containers | Identifies the contents, hazards, and necessary handling instructions |
Regulations
Shipping stool samples must comply with all applicable regulations, including those set forth by:
- The International Air Transport Association (IATA) for air transport.
- The Department of Transportation (DOT) in the United States.
- Local and national regulations in the origin and destination countries.
Failure to comply with these regulations can result in fines, delays, or even the rejection of the shipment.
