Ecchymosis is the medical term for a bruise. It's a discoloration of the skin caused by blood leaking from damaged blood vessels beneath the surface. While blood pools under the skin, there's typically no external bleeding unless the skin itself is broken.
Understanding Ecchymosis
- Cause: Ecchymosis results from ruptured blood vessels, usually due to trauma or injury. This could be anything from a minor bump to a more serious impact.
- Appearance: The visible discoloration ranges in color, typically starting as purplish-blue and gradually changing to greenish-yellow as the blood is reabsorbed.
- Size & Shape: Ecchymoses vary in size and shape depending on the severity and location of the injury.
- Healing: Most bruises heal naturally without treatment, changing color over time before eventually fading away.
Ecchymosis vs. Similar Conditions
It's important to note that ecchymosis is often used interchangeably with terms like bruising or purpura. However, purpura refers to larger flat areas of bleeding under the skin, while an ecchymosis can be described as a larger, more defined bruised area. A hematoma, meanwhile, is a larger collection of blood that forms a noticeable lump or swelling under the skin, unlike the flat discoloration of ecchymosis.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most ecchymoses are harmless and resolve on their own, it's best to consult a doctor if:
- You have unexplained bruising, especially if it's extensive or frequently occurring.
- The bruise is extremely painful or swollen.
- The bruise doesn't heal within a reasonable timeframe.
- You experience other symptoms along with the bruising, such as fever or weakness.
