Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) has three distinct stages. These stages represent the process of red blood cells settling in a test tube over time. Here's a breakdown of each stage:
Stages of Erythrocyte Sedimentation
The ESR process is broken into three distinct phases. Each stage is characterized by its own set of cellular interactions and physical properties:
| Stage | Description | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Stage 1: Rouleaux Formation | This initial stage is marked by the aggregation of red blood cells into stacks resembling coins, known as rouleaux. The cells group together due to the presence of plasma proteins. This increased size makes them heavier and more prone to sedimentation. |
First 10 minutes |
| Stage 2: Sedimentation (Settling) | During this phase, the rouleaux begin to settle at a constant rate. Gravity acts on the larger, heavier rouleaux, causing them to descend through the plasma. |
40 minutes |
| Stage 3: Packing | As the sedimentation continues, the rouleaux approach the bottom of the test tube. The rate of sedimentation slows down as the cells begin to pack together. The cells settle into a dense layer at the bottom. |
10 minutes |
Understanding these stages is essential for interpreting ESR results, which can be affected by various factors, including age, gender, and underlying health conditions.
