A BCR test, specifically referring to BCR-ABL1 genetic testing, is a laboratory test used to help diagnose or rule out certain types of blood cancer. Primarily, it aids in the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL).
Essentially, the BCR-ABL1 test looks for the presence of the BCR-ABL1 gene, which is formed when pieces of chromosomes 9 and 22 break off and switch places. This abnormal chromosome 22 is called the Philadelphia chromosome. The BCR-ABL1 gene produces a protein that causes the body to make too many white blood cells, leading to leukemia.
Here's a breakdown:
- Purpose: To detect the BCR-ABL1 gene.
- Primary Use: Diagnosis and monitoring of CML and Ph+ ALL.
- Mechanism: Identifies the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, and by extension, the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene.
- Impact: Essential for confirming diagnosis, guiding treatment decisions, and monitoring treatment response in affected individuals.
In summary, the BCR-ABL1 test is a crucial diagnostic tool for specific types of leukemia, providing valuable information for effective management and treatment.
