A vertigo test is a medical assessment performed to determine the cause of vertigo, a sensation of spinning or dizziness. These tests help healthcare professionals identify whether the problem originates in the inner ear (the most common cause) or the brain.
Common Vertigo Tests
Several different tests can be used to diagnose the cause of vertigo. Here are some of the most common:
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Dix-Hallpike Maneuver: This is a widely used test, especially for diagnosing Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). It involves quickly moving the patient from a sitting to a lying position with their head turned to one side. This movement can trigger vertigo and nystagmus (involuntary eye movements) in individuals with BPPV, helping confirm the diagnosis.
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Electronystagmography (ENG) / Videonystagmography (VNG): These tests measure eye movements to assess inner ear function. During the test, electrodes (ENG) or video cameras (VNG) record eye movements as the patient follows visual targets and undergoes specific positional changes. They can detect abnormalities in the vestibular system, which contributes to balance.
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Rotary Chair Testing: This test involves sitting in a motorized chair that rotates gently. Eye movements are monitored during and after rotation to assess the function of the inner ear and brainstem.
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Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs): VEMPs measure the function of specific inner ear organs (the saccule and utricle) in response to sound or vibration stimuli. Electrodes are placed on the neck or around the eyes to record muscle responses.
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Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR): While primarily a hearing test, ABR can sometimes be used in conjunction with other vertigo tests to rule out certain neurological conditions affecting the auditory nerve or brainstem.
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Imaging Tests: In some cases, imaging tests like MRI or CT scans may be necessary to rule out other potential causes of vertigo, such as tumors or stroke, especially if other tests are inconclusive or there are neurological symptoms.
What to Expect During a Vertigo Test
The experience during a vertigo test will vary depending on the specific test being performed. Some tests, like the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, may induce temporary vertigo symptoms. Others, like ENG/VNG or rotary chair testing, may involve wearing goggles or electrodes and following visual targets. It's essential to inform your doctor about any medications you are taking before undergoing any vertigo testing.
Importance of Vertigo Testing
Vertigo testing is crucial for accurately diagnosing the cause of vertigo. A proper diagnosis is necessary for determining the most effective treatment strategy. Treatment options may include medication, vestibular rehabilitation therapy, or specific maneuvers like the Epley maneuver for BPPV.
