An HB electrophoresis test, or hemoglobin electrophoresis, is a blood test that measures the different types of hemoglobin in your blood and identifies any abnormal types.
Understanding Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Different types of hemoglobin exist, and the levels of each type can provide valuable information about your health.
How it Works
The test separates the different types of hemoglobin based on their electrical charge. This allows a lab technician to identify and quantify each type, revealing potential abnormalities.
What it Detects
Hemoglobin electrophoresis is used to:
- Diagnose hemoglobin disorders: These include conditions like sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and other hemoglobinopathies.
- Detect abnormal hemoglobins: It can identify the presence of abnormal hemoglobin variants.
- Help diagnose anemia: Abnormal hemoglobin levels can contribute to anemia.
Why is it Performed?
A doctor may order a hemoglobin electrophoresis test if:
- You have symptoms of anemia, such as fatigue, weakness, or pale skin.
- You have a family history of hemoglobin disorders.
- You are of a specific ethnic background where certain hemoglobin disorders are more common (e.g., African, Mediterranean, or Southeast Asian descent).
- A routine blood test suggests a potential hemoglobin abnormality.
Interpretation of Results
The results of the test show the percentage of each type of hemoglobin present in the sample. Deviations from normal ranges or the presence of abnormal hemoglobins can indicate a hemoglobin disorder. Interpretation of the results requires a healthcare professional who can consider other clinical information.
