The three types of heparin are Unfractionated Heparin (UFH), Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH), and Fondaparinux.
Here's a breakdown of each type:
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Unfractionated Heparin (UFH): This is the traditional form of heparin. It's a mixture of different-sized heparin molecules. UFH is generally stronger and faster-acting than LMWH. Because of its variable effect, UFH requires close monitoring with frequent blood tests (specifically, aPTT - activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) to ensure proper anticoagulation and minimize the risk of bleeding.
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Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH): LMWH is derived from UFH but has been processed to create smaller, more uniform heparin molecules. This results in a more predictable anticoagulant effect, allowing for fixed dosing and less frequent monitoring compared to UFH. Examples of LMWH include enoxaparin (Lovenox) and dalteparin (Fragmin).
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Fondaparinux: While often grouped with heparins due to its similar mechanism of action, fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide (a sugar molecule) that selectively inhibits factor Xa in the coagulation cascade. It offers a predictable anticoagulant effect and a lower risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) compared to UFH and LMWH.
In summary, while all three options prevent blood clot formation, they differ in their molecular structure, mechanism of action, monitoring requirements, and potential side effects.
