Lactation in men, also known as galactorrhea, is typically caused by an underlying medical condition disrupting hormone levels, certain medications, or, rarely, excessive nipple stimulation.
Potential Causes of Male Lactation
Several factors can contribute to lactation in men. These include:
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Hormonal Imbalance: The primary hormone responsible for lactation is prolactin. Elevated prolactin levels (hyperprolactinemia) can stimulate milk production. This imbalance can be triggered by:
- Pituitary Tumors (Prolactinomas): These tumors in the pituitary gland can cause excessive prolactin secretion.
- Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid can indirectly increase prolactin levels.
- Kidney or Liver Disease: These conditions can impair the body's ability to clear prolactin from the bloodstream.
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Medications: Certain drugs can induce lactation as a side effect. Examples include:
- Antidepressants: Some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants can raise prolactin levels.
- Antipsychotics: Medications used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders often increase prolactin.
- Antihypertensives: Certain blood pressure medications may contribute to lactation.
- Opioids: Opioid pain relievers can stimulate prolactin release.
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Supplements: Some herbal supplements might affect hormone levels, potentially leading to lactation. It's important to discuss all supplements with a healthcare provider.
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Nipple Stimulation: Although rare, frequent and intense nipple stimulation can, in some cases, trigger lactation in men.
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Other Medical Conditions: Less common causes include:
- Chest Wall Injuries or Surgery: These can sometimes affect nerves and stimulate prolactin release.
- Spinal Cord Injuries: Similar to chest wall issues, these can disrupt nerve pathways involved in hormone regulation.
What to Do if You Experience Lactation
If you are a man experiencing lactation, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional. They can perform a physical exam, review your medical history and medications, and order blood tests to check hormone levels (specifically prolactin). Further imaging, such as an MRI of the pituitary gland, may be necessary to identify the underlying cause. Treatment will depend on the cause and may include medication to lower prolactin levels, surgery to remove a tumor, or adjustments to current medications.
