Periods stop for various reasons, spanning natural life stages and medical conditions. Understanding these reasons is crucial for maintaining women's health.
Natural Cessation of Periods
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Menopause: This marks the permanent end of menstruation, typically between ages 45 and 55. It's a natural process caused by a decline in hormone production by the ovaries (as stated in Mayo Clinic's article on Menopause). Lower hormone levels result in the cessation of periods and the inability to get pregnant. (Menopause basics from womenshealth.gov further supports this).
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Before Puberty: Before a girl reaches puberty, menstruation hasn't begun yet, so there are no periods.
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Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Pregnancy naturally halts menstruation due to hormonal changes. Exclusive breastfeeding can also delay or suppress periods in some women.
Medical and Lifestyle Factors
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Hormonal Contraception: Some forms of birth control, particularly certain hormonal methods like the pill or implant, can suppress or eliminate menstrual bleeding (as noted in Better Health Channel's article on amenorrhoea and in Paused periods (secondary amenorrhoea)).
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This hormonal disorder can disrupt the menstrual cycle, leading to irregular or absent periods (as referenced in What To Do If Your Period Stops and You're Not Pregnant).
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Thyroid Problems: Conditions like hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) can affect hormone balance and menstruation. (What To Do If Your Period Stops and You're Not Pregnant mentions this).
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Stress: High levels of stress can sometimes disrupt the menstrual cycle, causing missed or irregular periods. (Stopped or missed periods | nidirect lists stress as a contributing factor).
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Weight Changes: Both significant weight loss and obesity can impact hormonal balance and affect menstruation. (Stopped or missed periods | nidirect also mentions this).
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Excessive Exercise: Extreme or intense physical activity can sometimes interfere with the menstrual cycle. (Stopped or missed periods | nidirect notes extreme over-exercising).
When to Seek Medical Attention
If your period stops unexpectedly, especially if you're not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, it's essential to consult a doctor. They can identify the underlying cause and provide appropriate care. As highlighted in Absence of Menstrual Periods - Merck Manual Consumer Version, missing three periods or fewer than nine periods a year warrants a doctor's visit.
