There are many types of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), each modified for specific research or diagnostic applications. Here's a breakdown of some common types:
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Multiplex PCR: Uses multiple primer sets in a single reaction to amplify several target sequences simultaneously. This is useful for detecting multiple pathogens or genetic markers in one experiment.
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Long-Range PCR: Designed to amplify long DNA fragments, typically ranging from 5 kb to over 40 kb. This requires specialized enzymes and optimized conditions.
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Single-Cell PCR: Allows for the amplification of DNA or RNA from a single cell. This is valuable in studying cellular heterogeneity and rare cell populations.
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Fast-Cycling PCR: Optimizes PCR conditions to reduce the overall reaction time, often by using faster heating and cooling rates and modified enzymes.
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Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP): Used to detect DNA methylation patterns. MSP uses primers designed to specifically amplify either methylated or unmethylated DNA sequences after bisulfite conversion.
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Digital PCR (dPCR): A method that partitions the sample into many individual, parallel PCR reactions. This allows for highly precise quantification of the target DNA or RNA.
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Hot-Start PCR: This technique minimizes non-specific amplification products by inactivating the polymerase until the reaction reaches a high temperature, reducing primer-dimer formation.
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High-Fidelity PCR: Uses polymerases with high accuracy and proofreading activity to minimize errors during DNA amplification. This is important when the amplified DNA will be used for cloning or sequencing.
