Mosquitoes are drawn to a variety of human smells. Specifically, carboxylic acids present in body odor are a significant attractant, with individuals possessing higher levels of these acids being more appealing to mosquitoes. The Scientist This is further supported by research indicating that Plasmodium infection in humans increases the attractiveness of their skin odor, suggesting a link between infection and the release of specific chemicals that attract mosquitoes. PNAS, PubMed
Beyond carboxylic acids, sweet and flowery scents found in perfumes, lotions, deodorants, and shampoos also increase attractiveness to mosquitoes. Similarly, the aromas of ripe fruits, such as citrus, mangoes, and bananas, are appealing to these insects. Mosquito Squad
Mosquitoes utilize their olfactory neurons on their antennae to detect these scents, sometimes from distances up to 60 meters. Science They also use body heat and carbon dioxide as cues to locate potential hosts. Research even suggests that mosquitoes can differentiate the smell of humans from other animals, though the precise mechanisms remain under investigation. MedlinePlus The specific blend of chemicals comprising human body odor, in addition to other factors like CO2 exhalation and temperature, determines an individual's attractiveness to mosquitoes. CNN, Cell
In summary, a complex interplay of body odor components, including carboxylic acids and other volatile organic compounds, combined with other sensory cues like heat and carbon dioxide, determines which individuals are most attractive to mosquitoes.
