While MRI scans are generally considered safe, several potential risks exist. These risks primarily stem from the powerful magnetic fields and radiofrequency energy used during the procedure.
Potential Hazards of MRI Scans
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Metal in the Body: The strongest risk is the presence of metal within the body. Powerful magnets can attract metallic objects, potentially causing injury. This includes items such as:
- Internal metallic objects: Bullets, shrapnel, surgical clips, pins, plates, screws, and other implants. These may shift or move, causing damage. [Stanford Health Care, Mayo Clinic, WebMD]
- External metallic objects: Even small metal objects carried on the person (jewelry, piercings, etc.) can be dangerous and should be removed before the scan.
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Claustrophobia: The enclosed space of the MRI machine can trigger anxiety or claustrophobia in some individuals. [NHS]
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Noise: The strong magnetic fields create loud knocking noises. Lack of adequate ear protection can harm hearing. [Reference from provided text]
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Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: The magnetic fields may cause a tingling or twitching sensation due to peripheral nerve stimulation. [Reference from provided text]
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Heating: The radiofrequency energy used during the MRI scan can cause slight heating of the body. [Reference from provided text]
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Medical Device Malfunction: The magnetic fields and radiofrequency energy can interfere with the function of some electrically active medical devices, such as pacemakers or implanted defibrillators. [FDA, NEJM] This interference can be life-threatening.
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Burns: In rare cases, burns can occur. [RSNA]
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Projectile Effect: In rare cases, metallic objects can act as projectiles within the body. [NCBI]
It is crucial to inform your doctor about any metal implants or devices you have before an MRI scan. This allows medical professionals to assess the risks and determine if a scan is appropriate or needs modifications.
