Myositis is a disease that attacks muscles.
Understanding Myositis
Myositis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and weakness of muscle fibers. The body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy muscle tissue, leading to:
- Inflammation
- Swelling
- Pain
- Progressive muscle weakness
Types of Myositis
Several types of myositis exist, each with its own characteristics and underlying causes. Some common types include:
- Polymyositis: Causes muscle weakness on both sides of the body.
- Dermatomyositis: Characterized by muscle weakness and a distinctive skin rash.
- Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM): A slowly progressive muscle disorder, typically affecting individuals over 50.
- Juvenile Myositis: Affects children, causing muscle weakness and sometimes a rash.
Symptoms of Myositis
Symptoms can vary depending on the type of myositis, but commonly include:
- Muscle weakness (often in the shoulders, hips, and thighs)
- Muscle pain or tenderness
- Fatigue
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- Shortness of breath
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, blood tests (to check for muscle enzymes), electromyography (EMG) to assess muscle electrical activity, and a muscle biopsy.
Treatment options often include:
- Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation.
- Immunosuppressants: To suppress the immune system.
- Physical therapy: To maintain and improve muscle strength and function.
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg): A treatment that uses antibodies from healthy donors to help regulate the immune system.
Myositis is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to manage symptoms and improve the quality of life.
