Here are the names of the major muscles found in the shoulder and arm, based on the provided references.
Shoulder Muscles
The shoulder complex is made up of several muscles that allow for a wide range of motion and stability. Key muscle groups include the rotator cuff and those that form the shoulder girdle.
Rotator Cuff Muscles
The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that surround the shoulder joint and are essential for its stability and movement. They are:
- Supraspinatus: [2][1]
- Infraspinatus: [2][1]
- Teres Minor: [2][1]
- Subscapularis: [2][1]
Shoulder Girdle Muscles
The shoulder girdle includes a set of muscles that connect the shoulder to the torso and facilitate movement. These muscles are:
- Pectoralis Major: This large chest muscle aids in arm adduction and internal rotation.
- Pectoralis Minor: This muscle assists in stabilizing the scapula (shoulder blade).
- Deltoids: These shoulder muscles are responsible for arm abduction, flexion, and extension.
- Trapezius: The trapezius muscle is a large, flat muscle that covers the upper back, neck, and shoulders, assisting in scapular movement.
- Serratus Anterior: This muscle is located on the side of the chest and helps to protract the scapula.
Arm Muscles
While the provided references focus on shoulder muscles, it’s important to note the main muscle groups found in the arm, which work in tandem with shoulder muscles for mobility:
Biceps Brachii
- Located on the front of the upper arm, responsible for elbow flexion and forearm supination.
Triceps Brachii
- Found on the back of the upper arm, extends the elbow.
Brachialis
- Located deep in the upper arm, contributes to elbow flexion.
Forearm Muscles
The muscles of the forearm enable wrist and finger movements, and they are divided into two groups:
- Flexor group: Located on the anterior (front) side of the forearm, primarily responsible for wrist and finger flexion.
- Extensor group: Located on the posterior (back) side of the forearm, responsible for wrist and finger extension.
Conclusion
Understanding these muscles helps clarify how shoulder and arm movements are achieved. From the rotator cuff to the arm's primary movers, each muscle plays a vital role in our body's functionality.
