A harmonic interval is the distance in pitch between two notes that are sounded simultaneously, creating harmony.
In simpler terms, it describes how two notes sound together when played at the same time. This contrasts with a melodic interval, where the notes are played one after the other. The "size" of the interval is determined by the number of scale steps (including the starting and ending notes) separating the two pitches.
Understanding Harmonic Intervals
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Simultaneous Sounds: The key aspect is that the two notes are played at the same time. This creates a vertical relationship, contributing to the overall chord or harmonic structure.
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Interval Size: Intervals are named according to the number of diatonic scale steps they span. For instance:
- Second: Two scale steps (e.g., C to D)
- Third: Three scale steps (e.g., C to E)
- Fourth: Four scale steps (e.g., C to F)
- Fifth: Five scale steps (e.g., C to G)
- Sixth: Six scale steps (e.g., C to A)
- Seventh: Seven scale steps (e.g., C to B)
- Octave: Eight scale steps (e.g., C to C)
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Quality: Besides the number, intervals also have a "quality" (major, minor, perfect, augmented, or diminished) which refines their description and affects their sound. This is determined by the precise number of half steps within the interval.
Examples of Harmonic Intervals
Imagine playing these note pairs on a piano at the same time:
- C and E: This is a major third.
- C and Eb (E flat): This is a minor third.
- C and G: This is a perfect fifth.
- C and F#: This is an augmented fourth (also known as a tritone).
These combinations create different harmonic colors and contribute to the overall musical effect.
Harmonic vs. Melodic Intervals
| Feature | Harmonic Interval | Melodic Interval |
|---|---|---|
| Note Presentation | Notes played simultaneously | Notes played one after another |
| Orientation | Vertical | Horizontal |
| Function | Creates harmony and chords | Creates melodies and lines |
In summary, a harmonic interval is a crucial concept in music theory, describing the relationship between two notes sounded together, influencing the harmony and texture of a piece.
