The plucking technique used by string players is called pizzicato.
Pizzicato, derived from the Italian word pizzicare meaning "to pinch or pluck," is a technique where a string player plucks the strings of their instrument with their fingers instead of using a bow. This creates a distinct sound, often described as short, percussive, and staccato. It's a versatile technique used across various genres and musical styles.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
- Execution: String players typically use the index finger of their right hand to pluck the strings. Different fingers or even the thumb can be used to achieve varying tonal qualities and volumes.
- Notation: In sheet music, pizzicato is commonly abbreviated as "pizz." When the passage returns to bowed playing, it's marked with "arco," which means "with the bow."
- Sound Characteristics: Pizzicato produces a shorter, more percussive sound than bowed notes. The exact timbre and decay of the note depend on factors such as the instrument, the string material, and the force of the pluck.
- Usage: Pizzicato is frequently used to create rhythmic effects, highlight specific notes, or provide a contrasting texture within a musical piece. It can be found in classical compositions, film scores, jazz, and other genres.
