Nail pitting, or dimples in the nails, is often a sign of an underlying medical condition. These small, round indentations or notches on the nail surface aren't usually a cause for major concern on their own, but they can indicate a need for further investigation.
Common Causes of Nail Pitting
Several factors can contribute to the development of nail pitting. One significant cause is the presence of certain skin disorders.
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Psoriasis: This chronic autoimmune disease frequently manifests as nail pitting, alongside other nail changes like discoloration and thickening. The inflammation associated with psoriasis disrupts the normal growth of the nail plate, leading to the formation of pits.
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Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): This inflammatory skin condition can also cause nail pitting as a result of the underlying skin inflammation affecting nail growth.
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Alopecia Areata: This autoimmune disease, primarily known for causing hair loss, can sometimes present with nail pitting. The autoimmune response affecting hair follicles might also impact nail growth.
Understanding the Mechanism
The pitting arises from disruptions in the nail matrix, the area at the base of the nail where new nail cells are formed. Inflammation or damage to this area interferes with the smooth growth of the nail, resulting in the characteristic dimples.
When to See a Doctor
While nail pitting can be a benign finding, it's crucial to consult a dermatologist or healthcare professional if you notice nail pitting, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like:
- Persistent skin rashes or inflammation
- Hair loss
- Joint pain
- Nail discoloration or thickening
They can perform a proper evaluation to determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment.
