The red lines under your nails are most likely splinter hemorrhages, which appear as thin, red or reddish-brown lines running in the direction of nail growth.
Here's a breakdown:
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What they are: Splinter hemorrhages are tiny blood clots that damage the small capillaries underneath your nails. They get their name because they resemble splinters.
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Why they appear: They are caused by damage to the capillaries beneath the nail plate. Several factors can contribute to this:
- Trauma: A minor injury to the nail (even one you don't remember) is a common cause. This is often the reason when only one or two nails are affected.
- Infections: Fungal nail infections can sometimes cause splinter hemorrhages.
- Medical Conditions: In some cases, they can be associated with underlying health problems, although this is less common. These conditions can include:
- Endocarditis: An infection of the heart valves.
- Vasculitis: Inflammation of the blood vessels.
- Psoriasis: A skin condition that can affect the nails.
- Lupus: An autoimmune disease.
- Kidney disease
- Medications: Certain medications may also contribute to their development.
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What to do:
- Assess the situation: If you recall a recent injury to the nail, the red lines are likely due to trauma and will probably resolve on their own as the nail grows out.
- Monitor: Keep an eye on the affected nails.
- Consult a doctor: If you have other symptoms (such as fever, fatigue, heart murmur, or other signs of illness), if the splinter hemorrhages appear on multiple nails and without any apparent injury, or if you're concerned, it's best to see a doctor to rule out any underlying medical conditions. They can properly diagnose the cause and recommend appropriate treatment.
