Nails split, a condition also known as onychoschizia, due to a variety of factors that weaken the nail plate, making it prone to cracking and splitting. This can happen vertically or horizontally.
Common Causes of Split Nails:
- Dryness and Dehydration: Aging is a major contributor, as nails naturally become drier and more brittle with age. Frequent hand washing and exposure to harsh chemicals also strip away moisture, leading to splitting. [See references supporting aging and dryness as causes.]
- Trauma or Injury: Impact injuries, even minor ones, can cause cracks and splits in the nail. Repeated pressure or stress on the nails, such as from typing or playing certain instruments, can also contribute. [See references mentioning trauma and injury.]
- Nail Biting and Picking: This habit directly damages the nail, weakening it and making it susceptible to splitting.
- Infection: Fungal or bacterial infections can alter the nail's structure, leading to fragility and splitting.
- Underlying Medical Conditions: Conditions like psoriasis can weaken the nails, increasing the likelihood of splitting. [See references mentioning psoriasis and infections.]
- Excessive Moisture: Prolonged exposure to water can soften the nails, making them more prone to splitting. This is common among those who frequently wash dishes or spend time in pools. [See references linking excess moisture to nail splitting.]
Types of Nail Splitting:
Nails can split either vertically (along the length of the nail) or horizontally (across the width). Vertical splitting is often caused by repetitive stress, while horizontal splitting may be linked to underlying medical conditions or trauma.
Solutions and Prevention:
While you can't always prevent split nails, these strategies can help:
- Moisturize Regularly: Applying cuticle oil or moisturizer helps to hydrate the nails and improve their flexibility.
- Use Nail Hardeners: These products can temporarily strengthen the nails and reduce splitting.
- Protect Nails from Chemicals: Wear gloves when handling harsh chemicals to prevent dryness and damage.
- Avoid Nail Biting and Picking: Breaking this habit is crucial for nail health.
- Address Underlying Medical Conditions: Treating conditions like psoriasis can help improve nail health.
- Gentle Nail Care: Use a gentle nail file and avoid aggressive filing or clipping.
The information provided is based on multiple reputable sources, including medical websites and dermatological associations. For persistent or severe nail splitting, consult a dermatologist for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
