A hole in your fingernail, often appearing as a pit or depression, can be caused by several factors, most commonly related to underlying health conditions.
Common Causes of Nail Pitting
- Psoriasis: This autoimmune disease causes skin cells to multiply rapidly, leading to thickened, scaly patches on the skin and sometimes nail pitting. The reference explicitly states that nail pitting is common in people with psoriasis.
- Eczema: Similar to psoriasis, eczema is an inflammatory skin condition that can manifest as nail pitting. The reference highlights this connection as well.
- Alopecia Areata: This autoimmune disease primarily affects hair follicles but can also lead to nail changes, including pitting. The reference mentions this as a potential cause.
- Injury: A direct trauma to the nail matrix (the area under the nail where the nail grows from) can cause a hole or deformity to form as the nail grows out. This might be from a forceful impact or a repetitive injury.
- Fungal Infections: While less likely to cause a distinct "hole," fungal infections can cause discoloration, thickening, and fragility of the nail, which could potentially lead to small depressions or irregularities.
Understanding Nail Growth
It's important to understand that your fingernails grow from the nail matrix, located beneath the cuticle. Any damage or disruption to this area during nail formation will be reflected in the nail as it grows out. A "hole" might take several weeks or months to fully grow out, depending on its size and location.
When to See a Doctor
If you're concerned about a hole in your fingernail, especially if it's accompanied by other symptoms like skin changes, hair loss, or pain, consult a doctor or dermatologist. They can properly diagnose the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment.
