A penny nail refers to a nail whose size was historically designated by its price in old English pennies.
The Historical Significance of Penny Nails
The term "penny nail" traces its origins back to 15th-century England. In the 1400s, the cost of 120 nails was directly related to the number of pennies (or "pence") they cost. This system meant that larger nails, requiring more material and labor, naturally sold for higher prices. So, the penny number reflects the price of 120 nails of that specific length in historic England.
How Penny Sizes Relate to Nail Length
While the penny designation is rooted in historical pricing, it became a standardized way of classifying nail sizes. Although the actual price of nails no longer directly corresponds to the penny size, the system persists, indicating the length and to some extent, the gauge (thickness) of the nail.
Penny Nail Sizes: A Simplified Overview
| Penny Size (d) | Common Length (inches) | Common Use |
|---|---|---|
| 2d | 1 | Fastening thin materials |
| 4d | 1 1/2 | Light woodworking |
| 6d | 2 | General construction |
| 8d | 2 1/2 | Framing and general carpentry |
| 10d | 3 | Heavier framing |
| 16d | 3 1/2 | Sturdy construction |
- Note: The lengths provided are approximate and can slightly vary by manufacturer.
Practical Insight
When selecting a nail, it's important to consider the material's thickness and the desired holding power. For example:
- Use smaller penny nails (like 2d or 4d) for thin materials to avoid splitting them.
- Opt for larger sizes (8d and above) for more substantial construction to ensure a strong hold.
The Modern Use of Penny Size
Although modern pricing has no connection to penny size, the "penny" designation remains the common way to refer to nail sizes in construction and woodworking. It's essential for carpenters and DIY enthusiasts to understand this system to choose the appropriate nails for their projects.
