Septum cartilage is a hyaline cartilage structure located within the nose that provides structural support to the nasal cavity and midface. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the shape of the nose, directing airflow, and separating the nasal passages.
More Detailed Explanation:
The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity into two nostrils. While the posterior part of the septum is primarily bone (the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer bone), the anterior portion is primarily composed of cartilage. This cartilage is known as the septum cartilage, specifically quadrangular cartilage due to its shape.
Importance of Septum Cartilage:
- Structural Support: It provides support to the nose, helping to maintain its shape and prevent collapse.
- Airflow Regulation: It contributes to proper airflow within the nasal passages, ensuring efficient breathing.
- Nasal Passage Separation: It separates the two nasal passages, preventing cross-contamination and ensuring each passage functions independently.
- Midface Support: Contributes to the overall structure and support of the midface region.
Potential Issues with Septum Cartilage:
- Deviated Septum: A common condition where the septum is displaced to one side, causing breathing difficulties, congestion, and nosebleeds.
- Perforated Septum: A hole in the septum, often caused by trauma, surgery, or drug use, leading to whistling sounds during breathing, crusting, and nosebleeds.
- Septal Hematoma: A collection of blood within the septum, usually caused by trauma, which can lead to infection and cartilage damage if not treated promptly.
Treatment for Septum Cartilage Issues:
Treatment options depend on the specific issue and its severity. They may include:
- Medications: Decongestants and saline sprays for minor congestion.
- Septoplasty: Surgical procedure to correct a deviated septum.
- Rhinoplasty: Surgical procedure to reshape the nose, which can also address septal issues.
- Septal Button: A small silicone or plastic device used to close small perforations in the septum.
- Reconstructive Surgery: For larger perforations or significant damage to the septum.
